XML Tutorial Summary
• Prior to XML there were a few markup languages that are worth mentioning. GML, SGML, and
HTML are all predecessors of XML.
• XML development arose from a need for a new markup language.
- It should separate content from presentation rules, unlike HTML.
- It should be easy to learn and compact, unlike SGML.
• The World-Wide Web Consortium is a standards body responsible for XML and its related
specifications.
• As a preview to some of the topics we will later cover, we saw some of the related technologies.
- DTD – Document Type Definition and XML Schema
- XLink, XPath and XPointer
- Stylesheets, both CSS and XSL
- DOM – Document Object Model
- SAX – The Simple API for XML
- XML Protocol – Work in progress defining XML Messaging between systems, includes the famous
SOAP specification
• The syntax for XML documents is quite simple, and straightforward. This is in line with the goals the
W3C set forth in creating XML.
• The primary items in an XML document are the elements and attributes.
• In addition to these, there are also a number of other things that might appear in an XML document.
Here are a few others:
- CDATA sections
- Processing Instructions
- Notations
- Entities
• In order for a document to be well-formed, it must meet a set of criteria.
- There must be at least one element. The base element is known as the “root”.
- All tags must be properly nested.
- XML is case sensitive.
- The root element must be unique.
- Attribute values must be in quotation marks.
- Elements may not have duplicate attribute names.
• Using the DOM, programmers may load and parse XML files, gather information about those files, as
well as manipulate and navigate them.
• The DOM interfaces provide the ability to traverse, or walk the tree and manipulate the nodes.
• The W3C DOM Level 1 and Level 2 are both Recommendations. DOM Level 3 is still very new.
• To work with DOM from Java, you may use the Java language binding available on the W3C site along
with a DOM compliant parser (such as Xerces or Crimson), which is free from xml.apache.org.
• Prior to XML there were a few markup languages that are worth mentioning. GML, SGML, and
HTML are all predecessors of XML.
• XML development arose from a need for a new markup language.
- It should separate content from presentation rules, unlike HTML.
- It should be easy to learn and compact, unlike SGML.
• The World-Wide Web Consortium is a standards body responsible for XML and its related
specifications.
• As a preview to some of the topics we will later cover, we saw some of the related technologies.
- DTD – Document Type Definition and XML Schema
- XLink, XPath and XPointer
- Stylesheets, both CSS and XSL
- DOM – Document Object Model
- SAX – The Simple API for XML
- XML Protocol – Work in progress defining XML Messaging between systems, includes the famous
SOAP specification
• The syntax for XML documents is quite simple, and straightforward. This is in line with the goals the
W3C set forth in creating XML.
• The primary items in an XML document are the elements and attributes.
• In addition to these, there are also a number of other things that might appear in an XML document.
Here are a few others:
- CDATA sections
- Processing Instructions
- Notations
- Entities
• In order for a document to be well-formed, it must meet a set of criteria.
- There must be at least one element. The base element is known as the “root”.
- All tags must be properly nested.
- XML is case sensitive.
- The root element must be unique.
- Attribute values must be in quotation marks.
- Elements may not have duplicate attribute names.
• Using the DOM, programmers may load and parse XML files, gather information about those files, as
well as manipulate and navigate them.
• The DOM interfaces provide the ability to traverse, or walk the tree and manipulate the nodes.
• The W3C DOM Level 1 and Level 2 are both Recommendations. DOM Level 3 is still very new.
• To work with DOM from Java, you may use the Java language binding available on the W3C site along
with a DOM compliant parser (such as Xerces or Crimson), which is free from xml.apache.org.
XML Tutorial Summary
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